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SITE SOURCES

The following charts list our biographies of individuals and organizations that are quoted, referenced, or otherwise relevant on our site. The Pro, Con, Both, and None positions are in response to our core question: "Is sexual orientation determined at birth?" Each source has been assigned a theoretical credibility rating ranked by stars (with five being the highest).

I. IndividualsII. Organizations

I. Individuals

Name Rating Position
Ajit Abraham None
K.C. Abraham None
Tina Adler None
Rina Agrawal, MD, PhD None
Gerianne M. Alexander, PhD None
Laura S. Allen, PhD None
Norman Anderssen, PhD None
Bruce Bagemihl, Ph.D Pro
J. Michael Bailey, PhD Pro
John Bancroft, MD Both
Amy Banks, MD None
Daryl J. Bem, PhD Both
Wayne Besen None
Susan Blank, MD, MPH Pro
Anthony Bogaert, PhD Pro
John Boswell, PhD None
S. Marc Breedlove, PhD Both
Robert Buchanan, D.Min. Both
Vern Bullough, PhD, R.N. Both
Bonnie Bullough, PhD, R.N. Both
Chandler Burr Pro
A. Dean Byrd, PhD Con
William M. Byne, MD, PhD Con
Sean Cahill, PhD None
Paul D. Cameron, PhD None
Thomas J. Coates, PhD Pro
Gregory Cochran Con
Kenneth M. Cohen, MD Pro
Roy F. "Bud" Cederholm, Jr., MDiv None
Dennis Conkin None
Peter Copeland None
Roger Corliss, PhD None
Caleb Crain None
Charles Cross None
Timothy J. Dailey, PhD Con
Joe Dallas None
Vishnu Hari Dalmiya None
Ebru Demir Pro
A.L. De Silva Pro
Barry J. Dickson, PhD Pro
Nigel Dickson None
John R. Diggs, Jr., MD Con
Peter Dimock, M.S.W. None
Robin Dunbar, PhD None
Thomas A. Eccles, MD None
Paul W. Ewald, PhD Con
Richard Fitzgibbons, MD Con
Richard C. Friedman, MD Con
Sigmund Freud Con
Kurt Freund, MD None
Rabbi Barry Freundel Con
Nanette Gartrell, MD None
Louis Gooren, PhD, MD None
Roger Gorski, PhD None
Naomi Grossman None
Lana Groves None
Mary Guindon, PhD None
Erwin J. Haeberle, EdD, MA Pro
Dean H. Hamer, PhD Both
Gregory M. Herek, PhD None
Bret Hinsch, PhD None
Magnus Hirschfeld Pro
Erik Holland Pro
William C. Holmes, MD, MSCE None
Evelyn Hooker, PhD None
Judith Hooper None
Carole Jenny, MD None
Fengyi "Jeff" Jin, M.B., MPH None
David K. Johnson, PhD None
Kenneth T. Jones None
Erik Jorgensen, PhD None
Carl Gustav Jung, MD Both
Gwendolyn Puryear Keita, PhD None
Kenneth S. Kendler, MD Pro
Coretta Scott King None
Alfred Kinsey, PhD Con
Toshihiro Kitamoto, PhD None
Martin Lalumiere, PhD None
Simon LeVay, PhD Pro
Richard Lippa, PhD None
Jeffrey M. Lohr, PhD Neutral
Name Rating Position
Judith Long, MsD Pro
Ryan Grant Long None
Faris Malik Pro
Denise Mann, M.S. Pro
James T. Martin Pro
Cheryl McCormick, PhD None
Nathaniel McConaghy, MD None
Dennis McFadden, PhD Both
Jim McKnight, PhD Both
Michele Brand Medwin None
Kathleen Melonakos Con
John Money, PhD Both
Tom Moon, MFT Pro
Desmond Morris, DPhil NC
Stephen O. Murray, PhD Maybe
Brian Mustanski, PhD Pro
Gerald Naus None
Joseph Nicolosi, PhD Con
Linda Nicolosi Con
Rictor Norton, PhD None
Stony Olsen, J.D. Con
Ray Over, PhD None
Preeti Pathela, Dr.PH Pro
Angela M. Pattatucci-Aragon, PhD Both
James G. Pawelski, M.S. None
Richard Pillard, MD Pro
Kerryn Phelps Pro
A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada None
Matthew Pruitt, PhD None
Vernon L. Quinsey, PhD Pro
Sandor Rado, MD Con
Qazi Rahman, PhD Pro
Gary Remafedi, MD, MPH None
George P.A. Rice, MD None
Matt Ridley, PhD Both
Gene E. Robinson, PhD Both
Charles E. Roselli, PhD None
Charlotte Rosenak, PhD None
Michael J. Rosenfeld, PhD None
Joel Roth, PhD None
Aaron Rush None
Alan R. Sanders, MD Both
Joe Sartelle Con
David Satcher, MD, PhD None
Jeffrey Satinover, MD Con
Ivanka Savic-Berglund, MD, PhD None
Chrisann Schiro-Geist, PhD None
Menachem Mendel Schneerson Pro
Harold M. Schulweis Pro
James Scully None
M. Thomas Shaw, III, MDiv None
Louis P. Sheldon, MDiv None
Muzammil H. Siddiqi, PhD Con
Richard Sharpe, PhD Con
Steven Shoptaw, PhD None
Gail B. Slap, MD None
Charles Socarides Con
Robert Spitzer None
Judith Stacey, PhD None
Eugen Steinach Pro
Dick Swaab, MD, PhD Both
Warren Throckmorton, PhD Both
Karl Heinrich Ulrichs Pro
Ruth Vanita None
Paul H. Van Wyk, PhD None
Paul Vasey, PhD None
Eric Vilain, MD, PhD None
Martin Voracek, PhD None
Elaine F. Walker, PhD None
James D. Weinrich, PhD None
Frederick L. Whitam, PhD Pro
Monica White (formerly Landolt), PhD None
Neil Whitehead, PhD Con
Edward O. Wilson, PhD Pro
Walter Wink, Th.D. None
Antronette Yancey, MD, MPH None
Mark Yarhouse, PsyD Both
Kenneth J. Zucker, PhD Pro

II. Organizations

Name Rating Position
Advances in Pediatrics None
Al-Fatiha Foundation None
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) None
American Family Physician None
American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary None
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry None
American Journal of Psychiatry None
American Psychiatric Association Neutral
American Psychological Association Both
American Society for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property (TFP) Con
Anti-Defamation League None
Archives of General Psychiatry None
Archives of Sexual Behavior None
Associated Press None
Atlantic Monthly None
AVERT Neutral
Behavioral Neuroscience None
Biological Psychology None
Boy Scouts of America None
Boys Under Attack None
Bridges Across the Divide None
British Broadcasting Corp. (BBC) None
Cable News Network (CNN) None
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) None
Catholic Medical Association Con
Cell None
Child Abuse and Neglect None
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Con
Coalition for Positive Sexuality None
Cortex None
Council for Responsible Genetics (CRG) Both
Developmental Psychology None
Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary None
Endocrinology None
Family Research Council None
Feminist Sexual Ethics Project None
Fox News None
Gallup Organization None
Gay and Lesbian Medical Association None
Gay and Lesbian Vaishnava Association (GALVA) None
GLBTQ None
God's Love-Our Witness None
Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry None
Hormones and Behavior None
House Armed Services Ad Hoc Subcommittee None
Human Genetics None
Human Rights Campaign Pro
Institute of Medicine None
Jewish Mosaic Neutral
Journal of Abnormal Psychology None
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) None
Journal of Gender Studies None
Journal of Homosexuality None
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology None
Name Rating Position
Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy None
Lambda Legal None
Laterality None
Los Angeles Times None
Magnus Hirschfeld Archive for Sexology None
McGill University Student Health Service None
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary None
Molecular Brain Research None
Moment Magazine None
National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality Con
National Association of Social Workers None
National Black Justice Coalition None
National Organization on Male Sexual Victimization None
Nature